tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29333574096247148142024-03-13T07:03:05.889-07:00I'm Just Me Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-29991799870785507382013-09-09T04:30:00.001-07:002013-09-08T11:37:15.515-07:00Chapter 19 – Outsourcing in the 21st Century <div class="MsoNormal">
<b>OUTSOURCING PROJECTS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Insourcing (in-house-development) – A common
approach using the professional expertise within an organization to develop and
maintain the organization’s information technology systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Outsourcing – An arrangement by which one
organization provides a service or services for another organization that
chooses not to perform them in-house<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Onshore outsourcing – engaging another company
within the same country for services<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Near shore outsourcing – contracting an
outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Offshore outsourcing – using organizations from
developing countries to write code and develop systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Big selling point for offshore outsourcing
“inexpensive good work”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Factors driving outsourcing growth include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Core competencies<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Financial savings<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Rapid growth<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Industry changes<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The Internet<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Globalization <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->According to PricewaterhouseCoopers “Businesses
that outsource are growing faster, larger and more profitable than those that
do not”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Most organizations outsource their noncore
business functions, such as payroll and IT<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>OUTSOURCING BENEFITS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Outsourcing benefits include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased quality and efficiency<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reduced operating expenses<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Outsourcing non-core processes<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reduced exposure to risk<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Economies of scale, expertise and best practices<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Access to advanced technologies<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased flexibility <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Avoid costly outlay of capital funds<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reduced headcount and associated overhead
expense<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reduced time to market for products or services<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>OUTSOURCING
CHALLENGES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Outsourcing challenges include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Contract length<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Difficulties in getting out of a contract<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Problems in foreseeing future needs <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Problems in reforming an internal IT department
after the contract is finished<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Competitive edge<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Confidentiality <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Scope definition <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-28180933499699180802013-09-09T04:00:00.000-07:002013-09-08T11:31:54.073-07:00Chapter 15 – Creating Collaborative Partnerships <div class="MsoNormal">
<b>TEAMS, PARTNERSHIPS
AND ALLIANCES <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Organizations create and use teams, partnerships
and alliances to;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Undertake new initiatives<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Address both minor and major problems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Capitalize on significant opportunities <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Organizations create teams, partnerships and
alliances both internally with employees and externally with other
organizations<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Collaboration system – supports the work of
teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
v<span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Organizations from alliance and partnerships
with other organizations based on their core competency</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Core competency – An organization’s key
strength, a business function that it does better than any of its competitors <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Core competency strategy – Organization chooses
to focus specifically on its core competency and forms partnerships with other
organizations to handle nonstrategic business processes<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Information technology can make a business partnership
easier to establish and manage <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Information partnerships – Occurs when two or
more organizations cooperate by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing
customers with the best of what each can offer <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The internet has dramatically increased the ease
and availability for IT – enabled organizational alliance and partnerships<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>COLLABORATION SYSTEMS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Collaboration solves specific business tasks
such as telecommuting, online meetings, deploying applications, and remote
project and sales management<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Collaboration system – An IT- based set of tools
that supports the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of
information.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Two categories of collaboration <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Unstructured collaboration (information
collaboration) – includes document exchange, shared <span style="font-family: inherit;">whiteboards, discussion
forums, and email.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 2. Structured collaboration (process collaboration)
– involves shared participation in business processes such as workflow in which
knowledge is hardcoded as rule</span></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Collaboration systems include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Knowledge management systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Content management systems <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Workflow management systems <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Groupware systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Knowledge management (KM) – involves capturing,
classifying, evaluating, retrieving and sharing information assets in a way
that provides context for effective decisions and actions<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Knowledge management system – supports the
capturing and use of an organization’s “know-how”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>EXPLICT AND TACIT
KNOWLEDGE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Intellectual and knowledge-based assets fall
into two categories;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explicit knowledge – consists of anything that
can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tacit knowledge – knowledge contained in
people’s heads<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The following are two best practices for
transferring or recreating tacit knowledge<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Shadowing – less experienced staff observe more
experienced staff to learn how their more experienced counterparts approach
their work<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Joint problem solving – a novice and expert work
together on a project<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>CONTENT MANAGEMENT<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Content management system (CMS) – provides tools
to manage the creation, storage, editing and publication of information in a
collaborative environment <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->CMS marketplace includes;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Document management system (DMS)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Digital assets management system (DAM)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Web content management system (WCM)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>WORKING WIKIS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Wikis – web-based tools that make it easy for
users to add, remove, and change online content<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Business wikis – collaborative web pages that allows
users to edit documents, share ideas or monitor the status of a project<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Work activities can be performed in series or in
parallel that involves people and automated computer systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Workflow – defines all the steps or business
rules, from beginning to end, required for a business process<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Workflow management system – facilitates the
automation and management of business processes and controls the movement of
work through the business process <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Messaging-based workflow system – sends work
assignments through an email system<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Database-based workflow system – stores
documents in a central location and automatically asks the team members to
access the document when it is their turn to edit the document <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>GROUPWARE SYSTEMS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Groupware technologies<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KbrmF8elCt4/UizCJ0lnu0I/AAAAAAAAAFw/LKQlUqAZ8cQ/s1600/153.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="112" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KbrmF8elCt4/UizCJ0lnu0I/AAAAAAAAAFw/LKQlUqAZ8cQ/s320/153.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Groupware – software that supports teams
interaction and dynamics including calendaring, scheduling and
videoconferencing</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>VIDEOCONFERENCING<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Video conference – A set of interactive
telecommunication technologies that allow two or more locations to interact via
two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p><b>W<span style="font-family: inherit;">EB CONFERENCING</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Web conferencing – blends audio, video and
document-sharing technologies to create virtual meeting rooms where people
“gather” at a password-protected website</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>INSTANT MESSAGING <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Email is the dominant form of collaboration
application, but real-time collaboration tools like instant messaging are
creating a new communication dynamic<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Instant messaging – types of communications
service that enables someone to create a kind of private chat room with another
individual to communicate in real-time over the internet<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Instant messaging application <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-41223328657976184692013-09-09T03:30:00.000-07:002013-09-08T11:26:07.063-07:00Chapter 14 – E business <div class="MsoNormal">
<b>E BUSINESS <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The internet is a powerful channel that presents
new opportunities for organization to;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Touch customers <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Enrich products and services with information<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reduce costs<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->How do ecommerce and e business differ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Ecommerce – the buying and selling of goods and
services over the internet <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->E business – the conducting of business on the
internet including, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and
collaborating with business partners </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Industries Using E business</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OvHE0DjyZ2o/UizARlohlQI/AAAAAAAAAFU/vHVjGbJXr-k/s1600/141.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OvHE0DjyZ2o/UizARlohlQI/AAAAAAAAAFU/vHVjGbJXr-k/s320/141.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">E BUSINESS MODELS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">E business model – An approach to conducting
electronic business on the Internet </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZE9wqFw4DaM/UizAdfRvd5I/AAAAAAAAAFc/LHWmdMK8Jfk/s1600/14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="164" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZE9wqFw4DaM/UizAdfRvd5I/AAAAAAAAAFc/LHWmdMK8Jfk/s320/14.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Business-to-Business
(B2B)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Electronic marketplace (E market place) –
interactive business communities providing a central market where multiple
buyers and sellers can engage in e business activities. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<b>Business-to-Consumer
(B2C)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Common B2C e business models include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->E shop – A version of retail store where
customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->E mall – consists of a number of e shops; it
serves as a gateway through which a visitor can access other e shops<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Business types;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Brick-and-mortar business<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Pure-play business<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Click-and-mortar business</div>
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<b>Consumer-to-Business
(C2B)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Priceline.com is an example of a C2B e business
model<o:p></o:p></div>
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</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The demand for C2B e business will increase over
the next few years due to customer’s desire for greater convenience and lower
prices<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Consumer-to-Consumer
(C2C)</b> <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Online auctions <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Electronic auction (E auction) – Sellers and buyers
solicit consecutive bids from each other and prices are determined dynamically<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Forward auction – Sellers use as a selling
channel to many buyers and the highest bid wins<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reverse auction – Buyers use to purchase a
product or service, selecting the seller with the lowest bid<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->C2C communities include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Communities of interest – People interact with
each other on specific topics, such as golfing and stamps collecting <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Communities of relations – People come together
to share certain life experiences, such as cancer patients, senior citizens,
and car enthusiasts<o:p></o:p></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Communities of fantasy – People participate in
imaginary environments, such as fantasy football teams and playing one-to-one
with Michael Jordan<o:p></o:p></div>
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EBUSINESS BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->E business benefits include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Highly accessible <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased customer loyalty <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Improved information content<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased convenience<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased global reach <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Decreased cost<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->E business challenges include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Protecting consumers <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Leveraging existing systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased liability <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Providing security<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Adhering to taxation rules<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->There are numerous advantages and limitations in
e business revenue models including;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Transaction fees<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->License fees<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Subscription fees <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Value-added fees <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Advertising fees<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
MASHUPS<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Web mash up – A Web site or Web application that
uses content from more than one source to create a completely new services<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Application programming interface (API) – A set
of routines, protocols, and tools for building <span style="font-family: inherit;">software applications</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Mash up editor – WSYIWYGs (What You See Is What
You Get) for mash ups </span></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-3472805104319418732013-09-09T03:00:00.000-07:002013-09-08T11:19:54.531-07:00Chapter 11 – Building a Customer-Centric Organization – Customer Relationship Management<div class="MsoNormal">
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
CRM enables an organization to;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Provide better customer service<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Make call centers more efficient<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Cross sell products more effectively<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Helps sales staff close deals faster<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Simplify marketing and sales processes <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Discover new customers<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Increase customer revenues <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
RECENCY, FREQUENCY AND MONETARY VALUE<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An organization can find its most valuable customers by
using a formula that industry insiders call FRM;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->How recently a customer purchased items
(recency)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->How frequently a customer purchased items
(frequency)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->How much a customer speeds on each purchased
(monetary value)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
THE EVALUATION OF CRM</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
CRM reporting technologies help organizations identify their
customers across other applications. CRM analysis technologies help
organizations segment their customers into categories such as best and worst
customers. CRM predicting technologies help organizations predict customer
behavior, such as which customers are at risk of leaving. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
USING ANALYTICAL CRM TO ENHANCE DECISION <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Operational CRM – supports traditional transactional
processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly
with the customers<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Analytical CRM – supports back-office operations
and strategic analysis and includes all system that do not deal directly with
the customers<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SUCCESS FACTORS<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
CRM success factors include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Clearly communicate the CRM strategy <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Define information needs and flows <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Build an integrated view of the customer<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Implement in iterations <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Scalability for organizational growth <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-69802602088195722552013-09-09T02:30:00.000-07:002013-09-08T11:17:32.224-07:00Chapter 10 – Extending the Organization – Supply Chain Management <div class="MsoNormal">
BASICS OF SUPPLY CHAIN<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>SCM</b> – the
management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to
maximize total supply chain ef</span>fectiveness and profitability <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The supply chain has three main links.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Materials flows from suppliers and their
upstream suppliers at all levels <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Transformation of materials into semi-finished
products, or the organization’s own production processes <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Distribution of products to customers and their
downstream customers at all levels<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S ROLE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Information
technology’s primary role in SCM is creating the integrations or tight process
and information linkages between functions within a firm such as marketing, sales,
finance, manufacturing, and distribution – and between firms, which allow the
smooth, synchronized flow of both information and product between customers,
suppliers and transportation providers across the supply chain<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">VISIBILITY <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supply
Chain Visibility is the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain.
Changing supply chains requires a comprehensive strategy buoyed by information
technology. Organizations can use technology tools that help them integrate
upstream and downstream, with both customers and suppliers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
bullwhip effect occurs when distorted product demand information passes from
one entity to the next throughout the supply chain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
behavior of customers has changed the way businesses complete. Customers will
leave if a company does not continually meet their expectations. They are more demanding
because they have information readily available, they know exactly what they
want, and they know when and how they want it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Demand
planning software generates demand forecasts using statistical tools and
forecasting techniques. Companies can respond faster and more effectively to
consumer demands through supply chain enhancements such as demand planning
software.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Once
an organization understands customer demand and its effect on the supply chain
it can begin to estimate the impact that its supply chain will have on its
customers and ultimately the organization’s performance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">COMPETITION<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supply
chain planning (SCP) software uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve
the flow and efficiency of the supply chain while reducing inventory. SCP
depends entirely on information for its accuracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supply
chain execution (SCE) software automates the different steps and stages of the
supply chain. This could be as simple as electronically routing orders from a
manufacturer to a supplier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SPEED <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These
systems raise the accuracy, frequency and speed of communication between
suppliers and customers, as well as between internal users. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Another aspect of speed is the company’s ability
to satisfy continually changing customer requirements efficiently, accurately
and quickly</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUCCESS FACTORS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To
succeed in today’s competitive markets, companies must align their supply chain
with the demands of the markets they serve.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supply
chain performance is now a distinct competitive advantage for companies
proficient in the SCM area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">MAKE THE SALE TO SUPPLIERS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The hardest part of any SCM system is its complexity because
a large part of the system extends beyond the company’s walls. Not only will
the people in the organization need to change the way they work, but also the
people from each supplier that is added to the network must change. Be sure
suppliers are on board with the benefits that the SCM system will provide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">WEAN EMPLOYEES OFF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Operations people typically deal with phone calls, faxes and
orders scrawled on paper and will most likely want to keep it that way.
Unfortunately, an organization cannot disconnect the telephones and fax
machines just because it is implementing a supply chain management system. If
the organization cannot convince people that using the software will be worth
their time, they will easily find ways to work around it, which will quickly
decrease the changes of success for the SCM system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ENSURE THE SCM SYSTEM SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATION GOALS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is important to select SCM software that gives
organizations an advantage in the areas most crucial to their business success.
If the organizational goals support highly efficient strategies, be sure the
supply chain design has the same goals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DEPLOY IN INCREMENTAL PHASE AND MEASURE AND COMMUNICATE
SUCCESS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Design the development of the SCM system in incremental
phases. For instance, instead of installing a complete supply chain management
system across the company and all suppliers at once, start by getting it
working with a few key suppliers, and then move on to the other suppliers.
Along the way, make sure each step is adding value through improvements in the
supply chain’s performance. While a big-picture perspective is vital to SCM
success, the incremental approach means the SCM system should be implemented in
digestible bites and also measured for success one step at a time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">BE FUTURE ORIENTED <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 5.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The supply chain design must anticipate the
future state of the business. Because the SCM system likely will last for many
more years than originally planned, managers need to explore how flexible the
systems will be when (not if) changes are required in the future. The key is to
be certain that the software will meet future needs, not only current needs. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-36862018333169909172013-08-18T23:30:00.001-07:002013-08-18T23:30:39.493-07:00Chapter 9 – Enabling the Organization-Decision Making<u>Reason for Growth of Decision Making Information System</u><br />
<u><br /></u>
1. People need to analyze large amounts of information :- improvement in technology itself, innovations in communication, and globalisation have resulted in a dramatic increase in the alternatives and dimension people need to consider when making a decision or appraising an opportunity.<br />
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2. People must make decision quickly :- time is of the essence and people simply do not have time to sift through all the information manually.<br />
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3. People must apply sophisticated analysis technique such as modelling and forecasting to make good decision :- information system substantially reduce the time required to perform this sophisticated analysis technique.<br />
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4. People must protect the corporate asset of organizational information :- information systems offer the security required to ensure organization information remains safe.<br />
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Model - a simplified representation or abstraction of reality.<br />
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Transaction Processing System<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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</span></span><!--[endif]-->Moving up through the organizational pyramid
users move from requiring transactional information to analytical information</div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Transaction processing system – the basic
business system that serves the operational level (analysis) in an organization</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Online transaction processing (OLTP) – the
capturing of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process
the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information,
(3) update existing information to reflect the new information <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Online analytical processing (OLAP) – the
manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of
strategic decision making<o:p></o:p></div>
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Decision support systems<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Decision support system (DSS) – models
information to support managers and business professionals during the
decision-making process<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Three quantitative models used by DSSs include; <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sensitivity analysis – the study of the impact
that changes in one (or more) parts of the model have on other parts of the
model<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What-if analysis – checks the impact of a change
in an assumption on the proposed solution <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Goal-seeking analysis – finds the inputs
necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of outputs</span><br />
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Executive information system <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Executive information system (EIS) – A
specialized DSS that supports senior level executives within the organization<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Most EISs offering the following capabilities;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Consolidation – involves the aggregation of
information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated
information<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Drill-down – enables users to get details, and
details of information<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Slice-and-dice – looks at information from
different perspectives<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Interaction between a TPS and an EIS<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Digital dashboard – integrates information from
multiple components and presents it in a united display<o:p></o:p></div>
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Artificial intelligence (AI)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The ultimate goal of AI is the ability to build
a system that can mimic human intelligence<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Intelligent system – various commercial
applications of artificial intelligence<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Artificial intelligence (AI) – simulates human
intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Four most common categories of AI include;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Expert system – computerized advisory programs
that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Neural network – attempts to emulate the way the
human brain works<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Fuzzy logic – a mathematical method of handling
imprecise or subjective information<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Genetic algorithm – an artificial intelligent
system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to
generate increasingly better solutions to a problem<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Intelligent agent – special-purposed
knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf
of its users<o:p></o:p></div>
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Data Mining<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Data-mining software includes many forms of AI
such as neutral networks and expert systems <o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-10564588370207756092013-07-26T01:58:00.000-07:002013-07-26T01:58:31.169-07:00Accessing Organizational Information - Data WarehouseWhat is DATA WAREHOUSE ??<br />
-> Data warehouse - a logical collection of information - gathered from many different operational databases - that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.<br />
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<br />
The PURPOSE of data warehouse:<br />
-> to combined information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision making purpose - data warehouse support only analytical processing.<br />
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<br />
<u>Data Warehouse Model</u><br />
<br />
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)<br />
-> a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transform s the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse.<br />
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Data Mart : contains a subset of data warehouse information.<br />
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<u>Multimedia Analysis and Data Mining</u></div>
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-> Relational Database contain information in a series of two-dimensional tables.</div>
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-> In data warehouse and data mart, information is multidimensional, it contains layers of column and rows.</div>
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-> Cube : common term for the representation of multidimensional information. </div>
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-> Once a cube of information is created, users can begin to slice and dice the cube to drill down into the information. </div>
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-> Users can analyse ways and with number of different dimensional. </div>
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-> Data Mining : the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the row data alone. Also known as "knowledge discovery".</div>
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-> To perform data mining users need data-mining tools: uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationship in large volumes of information. </div>
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<u>Information Cleansing or Scrubbing</u></div>
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-> Its a process that weeds out the fixes or discard, inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information. </div>
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-> Occur during ETL process and second on the information once if is in the data warehouse. </div>
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<u>Business Intelligent</u></div>
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-> Refers to application and technologies that are used to gather, provide access, analyse data, and information to support decision making effort.</div>
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-> These systems will be illustrate business intelligence in the areas of customer profiling, customer support, market research, market segmentation, product profitability, statical analysis, and invrntory and distribution analysis to name a few.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-7543238986818863032013-07-20T08:38:00.001-07:002013-07-20T08:38:38.139-07:00Storing Organization Information<u>Relational Database Fundamental</u><br />
<div>
<u><br /></u>
<div>
Database models include :</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Hierarchical database model - </i>information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have too relationships. </li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Network database model - </i>a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships</li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Relational database model - </i>stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables</li>
</ul>
<br />
<u>Entity and Attribute</u></div>
</div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Entity </i>- A person , place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Attributes (field, columns) </i>- characteristics or properties of an entity class.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u>Keys and Relationships</u></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entity classes (tables) in the database</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Primary key </i>- a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifys a given entity in a table.</li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Foreign key </i>- a primary of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u>Relational Database Advantages</u></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
Database advantages from a business perspective include :</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Increased flexibility</li>
<li>Increased scalability and performance</li>
<li>Reduced information integrity (quality)</li>
<li>Increased information redundancy</li>
<li>Increased information security</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u>Increased flexibility</u></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
A well-designed database should:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Handle changes quickly and easily</li>
<li>Provide users with different views</li>
<li>Have only physical view - deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device</li>
<li>Have multiple logical view</li>
</ul>
<br /><ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u>Increased Scalability and Performance</u></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels.</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Scalability : </i>refers to how well a system can adapt tp increased demands</li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Performance : </i>measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
<u>Reduced Information Redundancy</u></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Databases reduce information <b>redundancy -</b><i style="font-weight: bold;"> </i>The duplication of information or storing the same information in the multiple places.</li>
<li>Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<u>Increased Information Integrity (Quality)</u></div>
<div>
<u><br /></u></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Information integrity : </i>measures the quality of information</li>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Integrity constraint : </i>rules that help ensure the quality of information</li>
</ul>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-25226869922558417892013-07-12T22:59:00.000-07:002013-07-12T22:59:08.109-07:00Valuing Organizational Information<b><u>Organizational Information</u></b><br />
<br />
Information is everywhere in an organization. When addressing a significant business issue, employees must be able to obtain and analyze all the relevant information so they can make the best decision possble. Organizational information comes at different levels and in different formats and "granularities". Information granularities refers to the extent of detail within the information (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract).<br />
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<b><u>The Value of Transactional and Analytical Information</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><i>Transactional information </i></b>encompasses all of the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of daily operational tasks. Example: withdrawing cash from an ATM, making an airline reservation or purchasing stocks.</li>
</ul>
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<br />
<ul>
<li><i style="font-weight: bold;">Analytical information </i>encompasses all organization information, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks. It also includes transactional infromation along with other information such as market and industry information. Example: trends, sales and product.</li>
</ul>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-28684862946126905512013-07-12T22:40:00.001-07:002013-07-12T22:40:25.114-07:00Organization Structures That Support Strategic Initiative<b><u>IT Roles and Resposibility</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Chief Information Officer (CIO) :</li>
</ul>
1. Overseeing all uses of information technology<br />
2. Ensuring the strategic alignment of IT with the business goals and objective.<br />
3. Manager :- ensure the delivery of all IT projects, on time and within budget.<br />
4. Leader :- ensure the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization.<br />
5. Communicator :- advocate and communicate the IT strategic by building and maintaining strong executive relationship.<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Chief Technology Officer (CTO) : Responsible for ensuring the throughput ,speed, accuracy, availability and reliability of an organization information technology. </li>
</ul>
<br /><br />
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<ul>
<li>Chief Security Officer (CSO) : Responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems and developing strategies and IT safeguards against attack from hackers and viruses.</li>
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<li>Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) : Responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use information within an organization.</li>
</ul>
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<li>Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) : Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge.</li>
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<b><u>Organization Fundamentals - Ethics and Security</u></b><br />
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<ul>
<li>Ethics : The principle and standards that guide our behaviour toward other people. </li>
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<li>Security - How Much Will Downtime Cost Your Business : According to Gartner Group , on average, enterprise lose $108,000 of revenue every hour their IT infrastructure is down. The sources of unplanned downtime like bomb threat, hacker, snowstorm, burst pipe, hail, ice storm, sabotage, fire and etc. </li>
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<b><u><br /></u></b>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-80623000433713004962013-07-09T02:47:00.000-07:002013-07-09T02:47:00.484-07:00Strategic Initiatives for Implementing Competitive Advantages<b><u>Supply Chain Management (SCM)</u></b><br />
Involve the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability. The 4 basic component of SCM :-<br />
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<ul>
<li>Supply chain strategy</li>
<li>Supply chain partners</li>
<li>Supply chain operation</li>
<li>Supply chain logistics</li>
</ul>
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<b><u>Customer Relationship Management (CRM)</u></b><br />
Involves managing all aspect of a customers relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization profitability.<br />
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<b><u>Business Process Reengineering (BPR)</u></b><br />
Is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises. The purpose of BPR is to make all business process the best-in-class.<br />
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<b><u>Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)</u></b><br />
Intergrates all department and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system (or intergrated set of IT system) so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprisewide information on all business operation.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-73147655997837976382013-07-09T02:22:00.000-07:002013-07-09T02:22:03.967-07:00Measuring the Success of Strategic Initiatives<b><u>Measuring Information Technologies Success</u></b><br />
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<ul>
<li>Key performance indicator :- measure that are tied to business drivers</li>
<li>Metrics are detailed measured that feed KPIs</li>
<li>Performance metrics fall into the nebolous area of business intelligence that is neither technology, nor business centered, but requieres input from both IT and business professionals.</li>
</ul>
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<b><u>Efficiency and Effectiveness</u></b><br />
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<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Efficiency IT metric</b> :- focuses on the extent to which an organization is using its resources in a optimal way. It also measure the performance of the IT system itself including throughtput, speed, and availability - doing things right</li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Effectiveness IT metric</b> :- measure the impact IT has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversion rates, and sell-through increase - doing the right things.</li>
</ul>
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<b><u>Benchmarking - baseline metrics</u></b></div>
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<ul>
<li>Regardless of what is measured, how it is measured and whether it is for the sake of efficiency or effectiveness, there must be <b>benchmarks</b> - baseline values the system seek to attain.</li>
<li><b>Benchmarking</b> - a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance benchmark values, and identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance.</li>
</ul>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-71124760683761226592013-07-04T00:45:00.001-07:002013-07-04T00:45:42.947-07:00Competitive AdvantageWhat is Competitive Advantage (CA) ?<br />
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<ul>
<li>A product or service that an organization's customers place a great value on the similar offering from a competitor.</li>
<li>Unfortunately, CA is temporary because competitors keep duplicate the strategy.</li>
<li>Then, the company should start the new competitive advantage.</li>
</ul>
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The Five Forces Model<br />
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<li>The buyer power</li>
<li>Supplier power</li>
<li>Threat of substitute products or services</li>
<li>Threat of new entrants</li>
<li>Rivalry among existing companies</li>
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The Three Generics Strategies</div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-43646860050057778702013-07-01T19:23:00.000-07:002013-07-01T19:23:00.735-07:00Business Driven Technology<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Today, information technology (IT) become important in our daily life. We used IT everyday and everywhere. So..when we talk about IT, do you know what IT really mean? For those who didn't know about IT, don't worry because now I'm going to tell you what is IT is all about. ehem hem.. :D<br />
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IT is a field concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information. Today, the term <i>information technology</i> has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more recognizable than ever. The IT umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields that deal with the use of electronic and computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information securely.<br />
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Management information systems (MIS) is a business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technologis, and procedures to solve business problem. The function is similar to accounting, finance, operation, and human resources. When beginning to learn about IT, it is important to understand :- Data, information and business intelligence (BI) IT resouces, and IT cultures.<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2933357409624714814.post-17850154066632914472013-07-01T11:39:00.002-07:002013-07-01T11:39:38.713-07:00salam perkenalan :DAsalamualaikum ... <div>
hye ..</div>
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I'm farrah.. new blogger here. mintak tunjuk ajar ye dari kawan2 yg pro psl blog2 ni eh. sy budak baru belajar. kalau salah tolong tunjukkan. heee :D ececeh. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12944850504572434531noreply@blogger.com0